Leli phepha lethula inqubo yokushisela isifutho yesikhunta sebhodlela lengilazi kusuka ezicini ezintathu
Isici sokuqala: inqubo yokushisela isifutho yebhodlela kanye nesikhunta sengilazi, kufaka phakathi i-welding manual spray, i-plasma spray welding, i-laser spray welding, njll.
Inqubo evamile ye-mold spray welding - i-plasma spray welding, isanda kwenza intuthuko entsha phesheya, ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nemisebenzi ethuthukisiwe kakhulu, eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-micro plasma spray welding".
I-Micro plasma spray welding ingasiza izinkampani zokubumba ukuthi zinciphise kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezindleko zokuthenga, ukugcinwa kwezindleko zesikhathi eside kanye nezindleko zokusetshenziswa, futhi imishini ingafafaza inqwaba yezinto zokusebenza.Ukumane ubeke esikhundleni sekhanda lethoshi le-spray welding kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokushisela isifutho sezingxenye zokusebenza ezahlukene.
2.1 Ithini incazelo ethi "nickel-based alloy solder powder"
Kuwukungaqondi kahle ukubheka "nickel" njengento yokuhlanganisa, empeleni, i-nickel-based alloy solder powder iyingxube eyenziwe nge-nickel (Ni), i-chromium (Cr), i-boron (B) ne-silicon (Si).Le ngxubevange ibonakala ngokuncibilika kwayo okuphansi, kusukela ku-1,020°C kuya ku-1,050°C.
Isici esiyinhloko esiholela ekusetshenzisweni kabanzi kwezimpushana ze-nickel-based alloy solder (i-nickel, i-chromium, i-boron, i-silicon) njengezinto zokuhlanganisa kuyo yonke imakethe ukuthi izimpushana ze-nickel-based alloy solder ezinosayizi abahlukene ziye zakhuthazwa ngamandla emakethe. .Futhi, ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel afakwe kalula yi-oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) kusukela ezigabeni zawo zakuqala ngenxa yokuncibilika kwawo okuphansi, ukushelela, kanye nokulawula kalula kwe-weld puddle.
I-Oxygen Fuel Gas Welding (OFW) iqukethe izigaba ezimbili ezihlukene: isigaba sokuqala, esibizwa ngokuthi isiteji sokubeka, lapho i-powder yokushisela incibilika futhi ibambelele endaweni yokusebenza;Incibilikisiwe ukuze ihlanganise futhi inciphise i-porosity.
Iqiniso kumele livezwe ukuthi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi isiteji sokuncibilika kufezwa umehluko endaweni yokuncibilika phakathi kwesisekelo sensimbi ne-nickel alloy, okungenzeka kube insimbi yensimbi ene-ferritic enephuzu lokuncibilika lika-1,350 kuya ku-1,400 ° C noma ukuncibilika. iphuzu le-1,370 kuya ku-1,500 ° C ye-C40 carbon steel (UNI 7845-78).Umehluko endaweni yokuncibilika oqinisekisa ukuthi i-nickel, i-chromium, i-boron, ne-silicon alloys ngeke ibangele ukuncibilika kwensimbi eyisisekelo uma isezingeni lokushisa lesiteji sokuncibilika.
Kodwa-ke, i-nickel alloy deposition nayo ingafinyelelwa ngokufaka ubuhlalu bocingo obuqinile ngaphandle kwesidingo senqubo yokuncibilikisa: lokhu kudinga usizo lokudluliselwa kwe-plasma arc welding (PTA).
2.2 I-nickel-based alloy solder powder esetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa i-punch/core embonini yengilazi yamabhodlela
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, imboni yengilazi ikhethe ngokwemvelo ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel kuma-coatings aqinile ezindaweni ze-punch.Ukufakwa kwama-alloys asuselwa ku-nickel kungafezwa ngokushisela igesi ye-oxy-fuel (OFW) noma ngokufafaza amalangabi e-supersonic (HVOF), kuyilapho inqubo yokuncibilika ingafinyelelwa ngamasistimu okushisa angeniswayo noma nge-oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) futhi. .Futhi, umehluko endaweni yokuncibilika phakathi kwesisekelo sensimbi ne-nickel alloy iyisidingo esibaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuvala ngeke kwenzeke.
I-Nickel, i-chromium, i-boron, i-silicon alloys ingafinyelelwa kusetshenziswa i-Plasma Transfer Arc Technology (PTA), njenge-Plasma Welding (PTAW), noma i-Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (GTAW), inqobo nje uma ikhasimende linendawo yokusebenzela yokulungiselela igesi engasebenzi.
Ukuqina kwama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokwezidingo zomsebenzi, kodwa ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-30 HRC no-60 HRC.
2.3 Ezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu, ukucindezela kwama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel kukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa
Ukuqina okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kubhekisela ebulukhunini bezinga lokushisa elingaphakathi.Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni zokusebenza zokushisa okuphezulu, ubulukhuni be-alloys esekelwe ku-nickel buyancipha.
Njengoba kubonisiwe ngenhla, nakuba ukuqina kwama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt kuphansi kunama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel ekamelweni lokushisa, ukuqina kwama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt kunamandla kakhulu kunama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (njengokusebenza kwesikhunta. izinga lokushisa).
Igrafu elandelayo ikhombisa ushintsho lobulukhuni bezimpushana ezihlukene ze-alloy solder ngezinga lokushisa elikhulayo:
2.4 Iyini incazelo ethi "cobalt-based alloy solder powder"?
Uma kubhekwa i-cobalt njengento yokuhlanganisa, empeleni iyingxubevange eyakhiwe nge-cobalt (Co), i-chromium (Cr), i-tungsten (W), noma i-cobalt (Co), i-chromium (Cr), ne-molybdenum (Mo).Ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Stellite" i-solder powder, ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt ane-carbides nama-borides ukuze enze ukuqina kwawo.Amanye ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt aqukethe i-2.5% carbon.Isici esiyinhloko sama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt ukuqina kwawo okukhulu ngisho namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
2.5 Izinkinga ezihlangatshezwe ngesikhathi kufakwa ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt endaweni ye-punch/core:
Inkinga enkulu ngokufakwa kwama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt ihlobene nokuncibilika kwawo okuphezulu.Eqinisweni, indawo yokuncibilika yama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt ingu-1,375 ~ 1,400°C, okucishe kube indawo yokuncibilika ye-carbon steel ne-cast iron.Ngokucatshangelwa, uma bekufanele sisebenzise i-oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) noma i-hypersonic flame spraying (HVOF), khona-ke phakathi nesiteji “sokuncibilika,” insimbi eyisisekelo nayo izoncibilika.
Okuwukuphela kwenketho esebenzayo yokufaka i-cobalt-based powder ku-punch/core yile: I-Transferred Plasma Arc (PTA).
2.6 Mayelana nokupholisa
Njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Oxygen Fuel Gas Welding (OFW) kanye nezinqubo ze-Hypersonic Flame Spray (HVOF) kusho ukuthi isendlalelo se-powder esifakiwe sincibilika kanyekanye futhi sinamathele.Esigabeni esilandelayo sokuncibilika, ubuhlalu be-weld obuqondile buhlanganiswe futhi izimbotshana ziyagcwaliswa.
Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwesisekelo sensimbi kanye ne-cladding surface kuphelele futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.Izibhakela esivivinyweni zazikulayini wokukhiqiza ofanayo (webhodlela), izibhakela zisebenzisa i-oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) noma i-supersonic flame spraying (HVOF), izibhakela zisebenzisa i-plasma transferred arc (PTA), ekhonjiswa ngokufanayo Ngaphansi kokupholisa umoya wokucindezela. , izinga lokushisa le-punch ye-plasma transfer arc (PTA) lingu-100°C ngaphansi.
2.7 Mayelana nokwenza imishini
Imishini iyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-punch/core.Njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, kubi kakhulu ukufaka i-solder powder (kuma-punches / cores) ngobunzima obuncishisiwe kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.Esinye sezizathu simayelana nokwenza imishini;ukwenza imishini ku-60HRC hardness alloy solder powder kunzima impela, okuphoqa amakhasimende ukuthi akhethe amapharamitha aphansi kuphela lapho esetha imingcele yamathuluzi (ijubane lokuvula ithuluzi, isivinini sokuphakelayo, ukujula…).Ukusebenzisa inqubo efanayo yokushisela isifutho ku-45HRC i-alloy powder kulula kakhulu;imingcele yethuluzi lokuguqula ingasethwa ibe phezulu, futhi umshini ngokwawo uzoba lula ukuwuqeda.
2.8 Mayelana nesisindo se-solder powder efakiwe
Izinqubo ze-oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) kanye ne-supersonic flame spraying (HVOF) zinamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okulahleka kwempushana, okungaba phezulu kufika ku-70% ekunamatheleni okokuhlanganisa kucezu lokusebenza.Uma i-blow core spray welding empeleni idinga amagremu angu-30 we-solder powder, lokhu kusho ukuthi isibhamu sokushisela kufanele sifafaze amagremu angu-100 we-solder powder.
Kuze kube manje, izinga lokulahlekelwa kwempushana yobuchwepheshe be-plasma transferred arc (PTA) cishe 3% kuya ku-5%.Ngomgogodla ofanayo wokuvuthela, isibhamu sokushisela sidinga kuphela ukufafaza amagremu angu-32 we-solder powder.
2.9 Mayelana nesikhathi sokufakwa
Izikhathi zokushisela i-Oxy-fuel gas (OFW) ne-supersonic flame spraying (HVOF) ziyefana.Isibonelo, isikhathi sokubeka kanye nokuncibilika komgogodla ofanayo wokuvuthela imizuzu emi-5.Ubuchwepheshe be-Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) budinga futhi imizuzu engu-5 efanayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqina okuphelele kwendawo yokusebenza (i-plasma edluliselwe i-arc).
Izithombe ezingezansi zibonisa imiphumela yokuqhathanisa phakathi kwalezi zinqubo ezimbili kanye nokudluliselwa kwe-plasma arc welding (PTA).
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamapuntshi okuhlanganisa okusekelwe ku-nickel kanye nokuhlanganisa okusekelwe ku-cobalt.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa emugqeni ofanayo wokukhiqiza ibonise ukuthi ama-punches asekelwe ku-cobalt ahlala isikhathi eside izikhathi ezingu-3 kunezingqimba ze-nickel-based cladding, futhi ama-punches asekelwe ku-cobalt awazange abonise noma yikuphi "ukuwohloka".Isici sesithathu: Imibuzo kanye nezimpendulo mayelana nengxoxo noMnu. Claudio Corni, uchwepheshe wase-Italy wokushisela isifutho, mayelana nokushisela okugcwele kwesifutho
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ungqimba lokushisela luwugqinsi kangakanani ngokwethiyori ukuze kushiselwe isifutho esigcwele?Ingabe Ukuqina Kwengqimba Ye-Solder Kuthinta Ukusebenza?
Impendulo 1: Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ubukhulu obukhulu be-welding layer yi-2 ~ 2.5mm, futhi i-oscillation amplitude isethwe ku-5mm;uma ikhasimende lisebenzisa inani elikhulu lokujiya, inkinga “ye-lap joint” ingase ihlangatshezwe.
Umbuzo 2: Kungani ungasebenzisi ukujikajika okukhulu kwe-OSC=30mm esigabeni esiqondile (kunconyelwe ukusetha u-5mm)?Ingabe lokhu bekungeke kusebenze kahle kakhulu?Ingabe kukhona ukubaluleka okukhethekile ku-5mm swing?
Impendulo yesi-2: Ngincoma ukuthi isigaba esiqondile siphinde sisebenzise i-swing ye-5mm ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elifanele ekubunjeni;
Uma kusetshenziswa i-swing engu-30mm, isivinini sokufafaza kufanele sisethwe kancane kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lomshini wokusebenza lizoba phezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuhlanjululwa kwensimbi eyisisekelo kuba phezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuqina kwempahla yokugcwalisa elahlekile kufinyelela ku-10 HRC.Okunye ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile ukucindezeleka okulandelanayo ku-workpiece (ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu), okwandisa amathuba okuqhekeka.
Nge-swing ye-5mm ububanzi, isivinini somugqa siyashesha, ukulawula okungcono kakhulu kungatholakala, amakhona amahle akhiwa, izakhiwo zemishini yezinto zokugcwalisa zigcinwa, futhi ukulahlekelwa yi-2 ~ 3 HRC kuphela.
I-Q3: Yiziphi izidingo zokubunjwa kwe-solder powder?Iyiphi i-solder powder efanelekile ukushisela i-cavity spray?
I-A3: Ngincoma imodeli ye-solder powder 30PSP, uma ukuqhekeka kwenzeka, sebenzisa i-23PSP ekubunjweni kwensimbi yensimbi (sebenzisa imodeli ye-PP ekubunjweni kwethusi).
Q4: Iyini isizathu sokukhetha i-ductile iron?Yini inkinga ngokusebenzisa insimbi empunga?
Impendulo yesi-4: EYurophu, sivame ukusebenzisa i-nodular cast iron, ngoba i-nodular cast iron (amagama amabili esiNgisi: I-Nodular cast iron kanye ne-Ductile cast iron), igama litholakala ngenxa yokuthi i-graphite equkethe ikhona ngesimo esiyindilinga ngaphansi kwe-microscope;ngokungafani nezendlalelo I-plate-formed grey iron iron (eqinisweni, ingabizwa ngokunembile ngokuthi "i-laminate cast iron").Umehluko onjalo wokuhlanganisa unquma umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-ductile iron kanye ne-laminate cast iron: ama-spheres adala ukumelana kwejometri ekusakazweni kwe-crack futhi ngaleyo ndlela athole isici esibaluleke kakhulu se-ductility.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifomu eliyindilinga le-graphite, elinikezwe inani elifanayo, lithatha indawo encane, libangele umonakalo omncane ezintweni, ngaleyo ndlela lithole ukuphakama kwezinto ezibonakalayo.Ukusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kokuqala kwezimboni ngo-1948, insimbi ye-ductile isiphenduke enye indlela enhle kunensimbi (nezinye izinsimbi ezisansimbi), okwenza izindleko eziphansi, ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Ukusebenza kokusabalalisa kwe-ductile iron ngenxa yezimpawu zayo, kuhlanganiswe nokusika okulula nezici eziguquguqukayo zokumelana ne-cast iron, Isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokudonsa/isisindo
ukusebenza kahle
izindleko eziphansi
Izindleko zeyunithi zinokumelana okuhle
Inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu yezinto eziqinile kanye ne-elongation
Umbuzo 5: Ikuphi okungcono ukuqina ngobulukhuni obuphezulu nobulukhuni obuphansi?
I-A5: Ububanzi bonke buyi-35 ~ 21 HRC, ngincoma ukusebenzisa i-30 PSP solder powder ukuze uthole inani lobunzima eduze ne-28 HRC.
Ubunzima abuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuphila kwesikhunta, umehluko omkhulu empilweni yesevisi yindlela indawo yokubunjwa "ihlanganiswe" kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Ukushisela okwenziwa ngesandla, inhlanganisela yangempela (yensimbi yokushisela kanye nesisekelo sensimbi) yesikhunta esitholiwe ayilungile njengaleyo ye-PTA plasma, futhi imihuzuko ivame ukuvela kunqubo yokukhiqiza ingilazi.
Umbuzo 6: Ungayenza kanjani i-spray welding egcwele yomgodi wangaphakathi?Indlela yokuthola nokulawula ikhwalithi ye-solder layer?
Impendulo ye-6: Ngincoma ukubeka ijubane eliphansi le-powder ku-welder ye-PTA, hhayi ngaphezu kwe-10RPM;kusukela e-engeli yehlombe, gcina isikhala ku-5mm ukushisela ubuhlalu obuhambisanayo.
Bhala ekugcineni:
Enkathini yoshintsho olusheshayo lwezobuchwepheshe, isayensi nobuchwepheshe kuqhuba inqubekelaphambili yamabhizinisi nomphakathi;I-spray welding ye-workpiece efanayo ingafinyelelwa ngezinqubo ezahlukene.Embonini yokubumba, ngaphezu kokucabangela izidingo zamakhasimende ayo, okuyinqubo okufanele isetshenziswe, kufanele futhi icabangele ukusebenza kwezindleko zokutshalwa kwempahla, ukuguquguquka kwemishini, ukugcinwa kanye nezindleko ezisebenzisekayo zokusetshenziswa kamuva, nokuthi ngabe imishini ingamboza uhla olubanzi lwemikhiqizo.I-Micro plasma spray welding ngokungangabazeki inikeza ukukhetha okungcono kwezimboni zokukhunta.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-17-2022