Leli phepha lingenisa inqubo yokufafaza i-welding yebhodlela lengilazi ingabumba kusuka ezicini ezintathu
Isici sokuqala
Inqubo evamile ye-Mold Spray Welding - isampula ye-Plasma Spray Welding, usanda kwenza ama-Plasthress amasha phesheya, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nemisebenzi ethuthukisiwe kakhulu, eyaziwa ngokuthi yi- "Micro Plasma Spray Welding".
I-Micro Plasma Spray Welding ingasiza kakhulu izinkampani zokubumba zinciphise kakhulu izindleko zokutshala imali kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla, ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kanye nezindleko zokusebenzisa, nemishini ingafafaza uhla olubanzi lwemisebenzi. Ukumane ungene esikhundleni sekhanda le-walling welding torch lingahlangabezana nezidingo zokufafaza izithako zokufaka izisebenzi ezihlukile.
2.1 Iyiphi incazelo ethize ye- "nickel-based alloy soley powder"
Kungukungaqondi ukubheka ukuthi "nickel" njengezinto ezihlangene, eqinisweni, i-alloy-based alloy powder eyakhiwe nge-nickel (nI), i-chromium (cr), i-chromium (i-SI). Le alloy ibonakala iphuzu layo eliphansi eliphansi, lisuka ku-1,020 ° C libe ngu-1,050 ° C.
Isici esiyinhloko esiholela ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi kwe-nickel-based alloy soler powders (i-nickel, i-chromium, i-boron, i-silicon) njengezinto zokwenziwa kwamaphakethe kuwo wonke ama-alloy osayizi abanosayizi abahlukahlukene abenzeke ngamandla emakethe. Futhi, ama-alloys asuselwa ku-nickel afakwe kalula i-welding ye-oxy-fuel welding (ofw) kusuka ezigabeni zawo zokuqala ngenxa yephuzu lawo eliphansi ngokuncibilika, bushelelezi, kanye nokuphathwa kalula kwe-wald puddle.
I-Oxygen Fuel Wellding (OFW) iqukethe izigaba ezimbili ezihlukile: Isigaba sokuqala, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-deldition stage, lapho i-welding powder incibilika futhi inamathela endaweni yokusebenza; Kuncibilike ukuhlanganiswa kanye ne-porsity encishisiwe.
Iqiniso kumele likhuphulwe ukuthi lesi sigaba esibizwa ngokuthi yisona sithola umehluko endaweni yokuncibilika phakathi kwesisekelo sensimbi kanye ne-1,400 ° C.100 Umehluko ekuncibilikisweni okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-nickel, i-chromium, i-boron, kanye ne-salicon alloys ngeke babuze ukudelela insimbi yesisekelo lapho bezokushisa esiteji esinqunyiwe.
Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kwemali kwe-nickel alloy nakho kungatholakala ngokufaka i-wire wire ngaphandle kwesidingo senqubo yokuzithemba: lokhu kudinga usizo lwe-plasma welding (PTA).
2.2 I-Allel-based alloy powder esetshenziselwa ukungcolisa i-punch / umnyombo emkhakheni weBottle Glass
Ngalezi zizathu, imboni yengilazi ikhethe ngokwemvelo ama-alloys ase-nickel asuselwa ku-nickel wezimbobo ezilukhuni ezindlini ze-punch. Ukubekwa kwama-alloys asuselwa ku-nickel kungatholakala kungaba nge-welding ye-oxy-Fuel welding (OFW) noma nge-Supersonic Flame Sprayong (Hvof), ngenkathi inqubo yokuthola imali ingatholakala ngezinhlelo zokushisa noma i-oxy-fures welding (ofw) futhi. Futhi, umehluko wephuzu lokuncibilika phakathi kwensimbi eyisisekelo kanye ne-nickel alloy yiyona ebaluleke kakhulu, uma kungenjalo uClodding ngeke kwenzeke.
I-nickel, i-chromium, i-boron, ama-allOys e-silicon angatholakala kusetshenziswa i-plasma Transfer Arc Technology (PTA), noma iTungsten inert Gas Welding (GTAW), inqobo nje, uma ikhasimende linomhlangano wokulungiselela igesi.
Ubulukhuni bama-alloys asuselwa ku-nickel luyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzi, kepha imvamisa phakathi kuka-30 HRC no-60 HRC.
2.3 Emvelweni ephezulu yokushisa, ingcindezi yama-alloys asuselwa ku-nickel inkulu
Ubulukhuni obukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla bubhekisela kubulukhuni ekushiseni kwegumbi. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni zokushisa eziphezulu zokusebenza okusebenzayo, ukuqina kwama-alloys asuselwa ku-nickel kuyancipha.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, yize ubulukhuni bama-alloys asuselwa ku-cobalt bungaphansi kwalolo lwe-alloys olususelwa egumbini lokuphumula, ubulukhuni bama-alloys asuselwa ku-cobalt lunamandla kakhulu kunalokho ama-alloys asuselwa ku-nickel emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (njengokushisa okusebenzayo).
Igrafu elandelayo ikhombisa ushintsho ngobulukhuni bamaphayiphu ahlukene we-alloy solder ngokushisa okungeziwe:
2.4 Iyiphi incazelo ethize ye- "Cobalt-based alloy powder powder"?
Uma kucatshangelwa i-cobalt njengezinto ezihlangene, empeleni kuyi-alloy eyakhiwe nge-cobalt (co), i-chromium (cr), i-tungsten (/ co), noma i-chromium (CR), kanye ne-molybdenum (MO). Imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi "i-stellite" powder solder, ama-alloys asuselwa ku-cobalt ane-carbides kanye nama-borides ukwakha ubulukhuni bawo. Amanye ama-alloys asuselwa ku-cobalt aqukethe amakhabhoni angama-2,5%. Isici esiyinhloko sama-alloys asuselwa ku-cobalt ubulukhuni babo obukhulu ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
2.5 Izinkinga ezihlangane nazo ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwama-alloys asuselwa ku-cobalt ePunch / Core Support:
Inkinga enkulu ngokubekwa kwama-alloys asuselwa ku-cobalt ahlobene nephuzu lawo eliphakeme lokuncibilika. Eqinisweni, iphuzu elincibilikayo lama-alloys asuselwa ku-cobalt lingu-1,375 ~ 1,400 ° C, elicishe libe yindawo yokuncibilika yensimbi yekhabhoni bese i-iron iron. Ngokomqondo, uma kufanele sisebenzise i-welding ye-welding yegesi ephepheni i-oky-fuel (ofw) noma i-hypersonic flame sprayong (Hvof), khona-ke ngesikhathi "esibonisa" i-Metal nayo izoncibilika.
Okuwukuphela kwenketho esebenzayo yokufaka i-cobalt-based powder ku-punch / Core yile: Kudlulisiwe i-plasma arc (PTA).
2.6 Mayelana nokupholisa
Njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Oxygen Fuel Get Welding (OFW) kanye nezinqubo ze-hypersonic flame sprap (Hvof) kusho ukuthi isendlalelo se-powder esibekiwe sincibilike ngasikhathi sinye futhi sandiswa. Esigabeni esilandelayo esimeme, ubuhlalu beWeld Weld buhlanganisiwe futhi ama-pores agcwalisiwe.
Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-Base Metal Surface kanye nendawo eqophelayo iphelele futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ama-punches esivivinyweni ayekulolo umugqa wokukhiqiza (webhodlela), ama-punches asebenzisa i-welding ye-oxy-fuel welding (ofw) noma i-supersonic flame sprayong (hvof), ama-punches asebenzisa i-plasma edlulisiwe i-arc (PTA), okuboniswe okufanayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya, i-Plasma Transfer Arc (PTA) Punch Ukushisa okusebenzayo kungu-100 ° C
2.7 Mayelana nemishini
Imishini iyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ePunch / Core Production. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, kudabukisa kakhulu ukufaka i-soler powder (kuma-punches / cores) ngobulukhuni obunciphile kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Enye yezizathu imayelana nemishini; I-Machining on 60hrc Hardness Allder Powder inzima impela, ukuphoqa amakhasimende ukuthi akhethe amapharamitha aphansi kuphela lapho usetha amapharamitha okuthola amathuluzi (isivinini samathuluzi, ukujula ...). Usebenzisa inqubo efanayo yokufafaza i-welding ku-45hrc alloy powder kulula kakhulu; Amapharamitha wokuguqula amapharamitha angahle ahlelelwe, futhi imishini uqobo kuzoba lula ukuqeda.
2.8 ngesisindo se-powder ye-powder efakiwe
Izinqubo ze-Welding ye-Oxer-Fuel Welding (OFW) kanye ne-Supersonic Flame Sprating (Hvof) zinamazinga aphezulu okulahleka kwempumulo, okungaphakama kungama-70% ekunamatheliseni impahla eshayayo ePhisi lokugcina. Uma i-blow core spray spray wlelding empeleni idinga amagremu angama-30 we-powder ye-solder, lokhu kusho ukuthi isibhamu se-welding kumele sifafaze amagremu ayi-100 we-powder ye-soler.
Ngokungade, izinga lokulahleka kwempuphu le-plasma transred arc (PTA) Technology imayelana ne-3% kuya ku-5%. Ngomgogodla ofanayo ovunguzayo, isibhamu se-welding kuphela sidinga ukufafaza amagremu angama-32 we-powder ye-soler.
2.9 Mayelana nesikhathi
I-Welding ye-Oxe-Fuel Welding (OFW) kanye ne-SuperShic Flame Sprame (Hvof) izikhathi zokufakelwa ziyefana. Ukwenza isibonelo, ukubekwa kanye nokukhumbula isikhathi sendawo efanayo yokushaya yimizuzu emi-5. Ubuchwepheshe bePlasma Transfer ARC (PTA) budinga imizuzu emi-5 ukufeza ukuqina okuphelele kwendawo yokusebenza (i-plasma edlulisiwe i-arc).
Izithombe ezingezansi zibonisa imiphumela yokuqhathanisa phakathi kwalezi zinqubo ezimbili futhi kudluliswe i-plasma arc welding (PTA).
Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-punches wokuhlaselwa okususelwa ku-nickel kanye nokuqina kwe-cobalt. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokusebenza komugqa ofanayo kukhombisa ukuthi ama-punches asuselwa ku-cobalt ahlala isikhathi eside amahlandla ama-punches asuselwa ku-nickel, futhi izimpendulo zesithathu
Umbuzo 1: Ungqimba lwe-Welding luhlotshiswe kanjani nge-cavity egcwele isifutho selding? Ingabe ukushuba kwesendlalelo so-soler kuthinta ukusebenza?
Phendula 1: Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ubukhulu be-welding ungqimba bungu-2 ~ 25mm, kanti ama-oscillation amplitude asethelwe ku-5mm; Uma ikhasimende lisebenzisa inani elikhudlwana lobukhulu, inkinga ye- "Lap Joint" ingahle ihlangane.
Umbuzo 2: Kungani ungasebenzisi i-Swing OSC enkulu = 30mm esigabeni esiqondile (Kunconyelwe ukusetha i-5mm)? Ngabe lokhu bekungeke kusebenze kakhudlwana? Ingabe kukhona ukubaluleka okukhethekile ekujuleni kwe-5mm?
Impendulo 2: Ngincoma ukuthi isigaba esiqondile sisebenzise ukuswayipha okungu-5mm ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele kulokhu isikhunta;
Uma kusetshenziswa isivinini esingu-30mm, ijubane lokufafaza kancane kakhulu kufanele libekwe phezulu, izinga lokushisa lomsebenzi lizoba liphezulu kakhulu, futhi i-dilution yesisekelo sensimbi iba phezulu kakhulu, futhi ubunzima bezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-filler liphezulu njenge-10 HRC. Okunye ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kuyingcindezi elandelayo ku-workpiece (ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu), okukhulisa amathuba okuqhekeka.
Ngokuswayipha kobubanzi be-5mm, isivinini somugqa sishesha, ukulawula okuhle kakhulu kungatholakala, kwakhiwa amakhona amahle, izakhiwo zemishini zakhiwa, futhi ukulahlekelwa yi-2 ~ 3 HRC kuphela.
Q3: Yiziphi izidingo zokwakhiwa kwe-powder ye-soler? Yikuphi i-powder yomthengisi elungele i-cavity isifutho selding?
I-A3: Ngincoma imodeli ye-powder ye-solerder engu-30PPSP, uma kwenzeka ukuqhekeka, sebenzisa i-23pSP ku-cast iron isikhunta (sebenzisa imodeli ye-PP ezikhunjini zethusi).
Q4: Siyini isizathu sokukhetha i-iron ye-ructile? Yini inkinga ngokusebenzisa insimbi empunga?
Impendulo 4: EYurophu, sivame ukusebenzisa i-iron ye-nodar, ngoba i-nensimbi ye-nodular cap (amagama amabili esiNgisi: i-iron yensimbi ye-noducle ne-iron etholakalayo), igama litholwa ngoba i-graphite iqukethe kufomu eliyindilinga ngaphansi kwalesi sithonjana ngaphansi kwalesi sithonjana ngaphansi kwalesi sithonjana ngaphansi kwalesi sithobe ngaphansi kwalesi sithonjana ngaphansi kwalesi sithonjana ngaphansi kwalesi sithobe ngaphansi kwalesi sithobe ngaphansi kwalesi sithonjana ngaphansi kwalesi sithobe ngaphansi kwalesi sithonjana ngaphansi kwalesi sithobe ngaphansi kwalesi sithonjana ngaphansi kwalesi sithobe ngaphansi kwalesi sithobe ngaphansi kwalesi sithonjana ngaphansi kwalesi sithobe ngaphansi kwalesi sithonjana ngaphansi kwalesi sithobe ngaphansi kwalesi sithonjana ngaphansi kwale microscope; Ngokungafani nezendlalelo zeplanethi eluhlaza okotshani okotshani (eqinisweni, ingabizwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana "i-linaminate cast iron"). Umehluko onjalo wokuhlanganisa unquma umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwensimbi ye-rouctile ne-laminate host iron: Imikhakha yakha ukumelana kwejometri ukuze uqhekeke ukusakazeka bese uthola isimilo esibaluleke kakhulu sekhompiyutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo oluyindilinga lwegrafu, olunikezwe inani elifanayo, lithatha indawo engaphansi komhlaba, okwenza umonakalo omncane kulokho okushiwoyo, ngaleyo ndlela kutholwe ukuphakama kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukubuyela emuva ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kokuqala kwezimboni ngo-1948, i-i-rouctile iron isiphenduke enye indlela enhle ngensimbi (nezinye izinto ezi-cast), inika amandla izindleko eziphansi, ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Ukusebenza kwe-Diffenusion yensimbi evuthayo ngenxa yezimpawu zayo, kuhlangene nezimpawu zokunciphisa okulula kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezimpawu zokumelana ne-cast iron, ukuhudula okuhle / isisindo
Imishini enhle
izindleko eziphansi
Izindleko zeyunithi zinokumelana okuhle
Inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu yezakhiwo zeTensile ne-ElengAtion
Umbuzo 5: Yikuphi okungcono ukuqina ngobulukhuni obuphezulu nobulukhuni obuphansi?
I-A5: Uhla lonke lungama-35 ~ 21 HRC, ngincoma ukusebenzisa i-30 PSP solder powder ukuthola inani lobulukhuni eliseduze ne-28 HRC.
Ubulukhuni abuhlobene ngokuqondile nempilo yokubumba, umehluko omkhulu ekufezeni insizakalo indlela yokubumba "embozwe" esetshenzisiwe.
I-Manual Welding, okungokoqobo (izinto ze-welding kanye nensimbi yensimbi) inhlanganisela yokubumba etholakele ayilungile njenge-PTA plasma, futhi imihuzuko ivele kwinqubo yokukhiqiza ingilazi.
Umbuzo 6: Ungayenza kanjani i-Welding ephelele yokufafaza kwe-cavity yangaphakathi? Ungayithola kanjani futhi ulawule ikhwalithi yesendlalelo so-soler?
Impendulo 6: Ngincoma ukusetha ijubane eliphansi le-powder ku-PTA Welder, kungabi ngaphezu kwe-10rpm; Kusukela e-Angle ehlombe, gcina izikhala nge-5mm ukuze zinqande ubuhlalu obufanayo.
Bhala ekugcineni:
Esikhathini sokushintsha okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe, isayensi kanye nobuchwepheshe bashayela inqubekela phambili yamabhizinisi nasemphakathini; Ukufakelwa kwe-WELDICE ye-Workiece efanayo kungatholwa ngezinqubo ezihlukile. Ifektri yokubumba, ngaphezu kokubheka izidingo zamakhasimende ayo, iyiphi inqubo okufanele isetshenziswe, kufanele futhi ibheka ukusebenza kwezindleko zokutshala imali kwemishini, ukuguquguquka kwemishini, nokuthi imishini yokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kungahlanganisa imikhiqizo ebanzi. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-welding ye-plasma ye-micro ngokungangabazeki kunikeza ukukhetha okungcono kwamafektri wokubumba.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Jun-17-2022