Izicacisi zengilazi zivame ukusetshenziswa izinto ezingavuthiwe zamakhemikhali asizayo ekukhiqizeni ingilazi. Noma iyiphi impahla eluhlaza engabola (i-gasify) ekushiseni okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwengilazi ukukhiqiza igesi noma ukunciphisa i-viscosity yoketshezi lwengilazi ukukhuthaza ukuqedwa kwamabhamuza oketshezini lwengilazi kubizwa ngokuthi i-clarifier. Ngokomshini wokucaciswa kwengilazi, ingahlukaniswa ibe: i-oxide clarifier (evame ukwaziwa ngokuthi: ukucaciswa komoya-mpilo), i-sulfate clarifier (eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi: ukucaciswa kwesibabule), i-halide clarifier (evame ukwaziwa ngokuthi: ukucaciswa kwe-halogen) kanye nesicacisi esiyinhlanganisela ( eyaziwa ngokuthi: Ukucaciswa okuhlangene).
1. Isicacisi se-oxide
Izicacisi ze-oxide ikakhulukazi zifaka i-arsenic emhlophe, i-antimony oxide, i-sodium nitrate, i-ammonium nitrate, ne-cerium oxide.
1. I-arsenic emhlophe
I-arsenic emhlophe, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-arsenous anhydride, iyi-ejenti yokucacisa evame ukusetshenziswa enomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokucacisa. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-Clarification King" embonini yengilazi. Kodwa i-arsenic emhlophe kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana ne-nitrate ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle wokucacisa. I-arsenic emhlophe incibilika kancane emanzini abandayo futhi incibilika kalula emanzini ashisayo. Inobuthi obukhulu. I-crystalline powder emhlophe noma into eyingilazi e-amorphous. Njengomkhiqizo wokuncibilika kwegolide, okumpunga kwe-arsenic kuvame ukumpunga, okumpunga noma okumpunga-mnyama. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-ejenti yokucacisa. i-arsenic. Lapho i-arsenic emhlophe ishisa ngaphezu kwama-degree angu-400, izokhiqiza i-arsenic pentoxide ne-oksijini ekhishwe yi-nitrate ekushiseni okuphezulu. Uma ishisiswe ibe ngama-degree angu-1300, i-arsenic pentoxide izobola ukuze ikhiqize i-arsenic trioxide, enciphisa ukucindezela kwengxenye yegesi kumabhamuza engilazi. Kuyasiza ekukhuleni kwamabhamuza futhi kusheshisa ukuqedwa kwamabhamuza, ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokucaciswa.
Inani le-arsenic emhlophe ngokuvamile liyi-0.2% -0.6% yenani lenqwaba, futhi inani le-nitrate elethulwe liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-4-8 inani le-arsenic emhlophe. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-arsenic emhlophe akukhulisi nje kuphela ukuvuthwa, kodwa futhi kungcolisa imvelo futhi kuyingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Amagremu angu-0.06 e-arsenic emhlophe angabangela ukufa. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa i-arsenic emhlophe, umuntu okhethekile kufanele abelwe ukuyigcina ukuze avimbele izigameko ezinobuthi. Ingilazi ene-arsenic emhlophe njenge-ejenti ecacisayo kulula ukunciphisa futhi ibe mnyama ingilazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesibani, ngakho-ke i-arsenic emhlophe kufanele isetshenziswe kancane noma cha engilazini yesibani.
2. I-Antimony oxide
Umphumela wokucacisa we-antimony oxide ufana nowe-arsenic emhlophe, futhi kufanele futhi usetshenziswe ngokuhambisana ne-nitrate. Izinga lokushisa lokucacisa kanye nokubola lokusebenzisa i-antimony oxide liphansi kunalelo le-arsenic emhlophe, ngakho-ke i-antimony oxide ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ecacisayo lapho kuncibilika ingilazi yomthofu. Kungilazi ye-soda lime silicate, i-0.2% ye-antimony oxide kanye ne-arsenic emhlophe engu-0.4% isetshenziswa njengama-ejenti acacisayo, anomthelela ongcono wokucacisa futhi angavimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamabhamuza esibili.
3. I-Nitrate
I-Nitrate iyodwa ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ecacisayo engilazini, futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengomnikezeli komoya-mpilo kuhlanganiswe nama-valence oxides ahlukahlukene.
4. I-cerium dioxide
I-Cerium dioxide inezinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokubola futhi iyi-ejenti yokucacisa kangcono, esetshenziswa kabanzi njengempahla eluhlaza. Uma isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ecacisayo, ayidingi ukuhlanganiswa ne-nitrate, futhi ingakhulula umoya-mpilo ngokwayo ekushiseni okuphezulu ukuze kusheshe ukucaciswa. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-sulfate ekukhiqizeni amabhola engilazi ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle yokucacisa.
2. I-sulfate clarifier
Ama-sulfate asetshenziswa engilazini ikakhulukazi i-sodium sulfate, i-barium sulfate, i-calcium sulfate, ne-sulfate enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokubola, okuyi-agent ecacisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Uma i-sulfate isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokucacisa, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ngokuhambisana ne-oxidizing agent nitrate, futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-ejenti yokunciphisa ukuvimbela i-sulfate ekuboleni ekushiseni okuphansi. I-sulfate ivame ukusetshenziswa engilazini yebhodlela kanye nengilazi eyisicaba, futhi umthamo wayo ngu-1.0% -1.5% wenqwaba.
3. I-ejenti yokucacisa i-Halide
Ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa fluoride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride nokunye. I-fluoride ngokuyinhloko iyi-fluorite ne-sodium fluorosilicate. Inani le-fluorite elisetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ecacisayo ngokuvamile libalwa ngokusekelwe ku-0.5% we-fluorine owethulwe kunqwaba. Umthamo ojwayelekile we-sodium fluorosilicate ngu-0.4% -0.6% yenani le-sodium oxide engilazini. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwe-fluoride, ingxenye ye-fluorine izokhiqiza i-hydrogen fluoride, i-silicon fluoride, ne-sodium fluoride. Ubuthi bayo bukhulu kunobe-sulphur dioxide. Umthelela womkhathi kufanele ucatshangelwe lapho usetshenziswa. I-vaporization kanye ne-volatilization ye-sodium chloride ekushiseni okuphezulu kungakhuthaza ukucaciswa koketshezi lwengilazi. Umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-1.3% -3.5% wenqwaba yezinto. Okuningi kakhulu kuzofaka ingilazi emulsify. Ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesicacisi sengilazi equkethe i-boron.
Okwesine, i-compound clarifier
Isichazi esiyinhlanganisela ikakhulukazi sisebenzisa izinzuzo ezintathu zokucaciswa komoya-mpilo, ukucaciswa kwesibabule kanye nokucaciswa kwe-halogen kumenzeli wokucacisa, futhi kunikeza umdlalo ogcwele emiphumeleni yokuxhumana kanye ne-superimposed yalokhu kokuthathu, okungafinyelela umphumela wokucaciswa okuqhubekayo futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ukucaciswa. ikhono. Kuyincazelo eyodwa. I-ejenti ayinakuqhathaniswa. Ngokusho kwesigaba sokuthuthukiswa, kukhona: isizukulwane sokuqala sokucaciswa okuhlanganisiwe, isizukulwane sesibili sokucaciswa okuhlanganisiwe kanye nesizukulwane sesithathu sezicacisi eziyinhlanganisela. Isizukulwane sesithathu sezicacisi eziyinhlanganisela sibizwa nangokuthi isizukulwane esisha sezicacisi eziyinhlanganisela ezinobungani bemvelo, eziluhlaza futhi ezinobungani nemvelo. Yaziwa ngokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwayo, iyindlela yokuthuthukisa yesikhathi esizayo yemboni ye-ejenti yokuhlawulisa ingilazi kanye nenkambiso engenakugwenywa yokuzuza ukwakheka okungenayo i-arsenic embonini yengilazi. Umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-0.4% -0.6% wenqwaba. I-clarifier ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswe kakhulu engilazini yebhodlela, amabhola engilazi (i-alkali emaphakathi, engena-alkali), ingilazi yokwelapha, ingilazi yomthombo wokukhanya kagesi, ingilazi ye-electronic, ingilazi-ceramics nezinye izibuko. Imboni yemikhiqizo.
2. I-sulfate clarifier
Ama-sulfate asetshenziswa engilazini ikakhulukazi i-sodium sulfate, i-barium sulfate, i-calcium sulfate, ne-sulfate enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokubola, okuyi-agent ecacisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Uma i-sulfate isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokucacisa, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ngokuhambisana ne-oxidizing agent nitrate, futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-ejenti yokunciphisa ukuvimbela i-sulfate ekuboleni ekushiseni okuphansi. I-sulfate ivame ukusetshenziswa engilazini yebhodlela kanye nengilazi eyisicaba, futhi umthamo wayo ngu-1.0% -1.5% wenqwaba.
3. I-ejenti yokucacisa i-Halide
Ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa fluoride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride nokunye. I-fluoride ngokuyinhloko iyi-fluorite ne-sodium fluorosilicate. Inani le-fluorite elisetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ecacisayo ngokuvamile libalwa ngokusekelwe ku-0.5% we-fluorine owethulwe kunqwaba. Umthamo ojwayelekile we-sodium fluorosilicate ngu-0.4% -0.6% yenani le-sodium oxide engilazini. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwe-fluoride, ingxenye ye-fluorine izokhiqiza i-hydrogen fluoride, i-silicon fluoride, ne-sodium fluoride. Ubuthi bayo bukhulu kunobe-sulphur dioxide. Umthelela womkhathi kufanele ucatshangelwe lapho usetshenziswa. I-vaporization kanye ne-volatilization ye-sodium chloride ekushiseni okuphezulu kungakhuthaza ukucaciswa koketshezi lwengilazi. Umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-1.3% -3.5% wenqwaba yezinto. Okuningi kakhulu kuzofaka ingilazi emulsify. Ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesicacisi sengilazi equkethe i-boron.
Okwesine, i-compound clarifier
Isichazi esiyinhlanganisela ikakhulukazi sisebenzisa izinzuzo ezintathu zokucaciswa komoya-mpilo, ukucaciswa kwesibabule kanye nokucaciswa kwe-halogen kumenzeli wokucacisa, futhi kunikeza umdlalo ogcwele emiphumeleni yokuxhumana kanye ne-superimposed yalokhu kokuthathu, okungafinyelela umphumela wokucaciswa okuqhubekayo futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ukucaciswa. ikhono. Kuyincazelo eyodwa. I-ejenti ayinakuqhathaniswa. Ngokusho kwesigaba sokuthuthukiswa, kukhona: isizukulwane sokuqala sokucaciswa okuhlanganisiwe, isizukulwane sesibili sokucaciswa okuhlanganisiwe kanye nesizukulwane sesithathu sezicacisi eziyinhlanganisela. Isizukulwane sesithathu sezicacisi eziyinhlanganisela sibizwa nangokuthi isizukulwane esisha sezicacisi eziyinhlanganisela ezinobungani bemvelo, eziluhlaza futhi ezinobungani nemvelo. Yaziwa ngokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwayo, iyindlela yokuthuthukisa yesikhathi esizayo yemboni ye-ejenti yokuhlawulisa ingilazi kanye nenkambiso engenakugwenywa yokuzuza ukwakheka okungenayo i-arsenic embonini yengilazi. Umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-0.4% -0.6% wenqwaba. I-clarifier ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswe kakhulu engilazini yebhodlela, amabhola engilazi (i-alkali emaphakathi, engena-alkali), ingilazi yokwelapha, ingilazi yomthombo wokukhanya kagesi, ingilazi ye-electronic, ingilazi-ceramics nezinye izibuko. Imboni yemikhiqizo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-06-2021