Uma kuziwa ekwenzeni isikhunta samabhodlela, into yokuqala abantu abacabanga ngayo isikhunta sokuqala, isikhunta, isikhunta somlomo kanye nesikhunta esingaphansi. Nakuba ikhanda elifuthayo liphinde libe ilungu lomndeni wesikhunta, ngenxa yobukhulu balo kanye nezindleko eziphansi, liyingane encane yomndeni wesikhunta futhi alizange lidonse ukunaka kwabantu. Nakuba ikhanda elishayayo lilincane, umsebenzi walo awukwazi ukubukelwa phansi. Inomsebenzi odumile. Manje ake sikhulume ngakho:
Mingaki ukuphefumula okukhona ku-blower eyodwa?
Njengoba igama lisho, umsebenzi wekhanda eliphephethayo uwukushaya umoya ocindezelwe endaweni engenalutho yokuqala ukuze uvuthele futhi wakheke, kodwa ukuze usebenzisane nekhanda eliphephukayo elenza i-thermobottle, izintambo eziningana zomoya zishaywa ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Umfanekiso 1.
Umdwebo webhodlela lengilazi
Ake sibheke ukuthi hlobo luni lomoya osendleleni yokuphephetha:
1. Ukushaya Kokugcina: Vuthela isisekelo sesikhunta sokuqala ukuze usenze sisondele ezindongeni ezine nangaphansi kwesikhunta, futhi ekugcineni wenze isimo sebhodlela le-thermo;
2. Ipayipi elikhipha umoya esikhunjeni: Khipha umoya ongaphakathi ebhodleleni elishisayo uye ngaphandle ngegebe eliphakathi komlomo webhodlela nepayipi elifuthayo, bese ngokusebenzisa i-exhaust plate ukuze ukhiphe ukushisa ebhodleleni ngokuqhubekayo ukuya ngaphandle. yomshini ukuze kuzuzwe Ukupholisa ku-thermos kwakha igesi yokupholisa yangaphakathi (Ukupholisa Kwangaphakathi) ye-thermos, futhi lokhu kupholisa kwe-exhaust kubaluleke kakhulu endleleni yokufutha nokuphephetha;
3. Ixhunywe ngokuqondile emlonyeni webhodlela kusukela engxenyeni evuthelayo evumayo. Lo moya owokuvikela umlomo webhodlela ekuguquguqukeni. Kubizwa nge-Equalizing Air embonini;
4. Ubuso bokugcina bekhanda eliphephetha ngokuvamile bunomgodi omncane noma imbobo encane, esetshenziselwa ukukhipha igesi (I-Vent) emlonyeni webhodlela;
5. Iqhutshwa amandla aphefumulayo, indawo engenalutho evuthwe iseduze nesikhunta. Ngalesi sikhathi, igesi esikhaleni esiphakathi kokungenalutho nesikhunta iyampintsha futhi idlule embobeni yokukhipha isikhunta noma i-vacuum ejector. ngaphandle (I-Mold Vented) ukuvimbela igesi ukuthi idale umcamelo womoya kulesi sikhala futhi yehlise isivinini sokwakheka.
Okulandelayo ngamanothi ambalwa mayelana nokuthatha okubalulekile nokukhipha.
2. Ukuthuthukisa ukuvunguza okuhle:
Abantu bavame ukubuza ukwandisa ijubane nokusebenza kahle komshini, futhi impendulo elula iwukuthi: vele ukhulise ukucindezela kokushaywa okuhle futhi kungaxazululwa.
Kodwa akunjalo. Uma sishaya umoya ngomfutho ophezulu kusukela ekuqaleni, ngoba isikhunta sokuqala esingenalutho asixhumani nodonga lwesikhunta ngalesi sikhathi, futhi phansi kwesikhunta akubambeli okungenalutho. Okungenalutho kukhiqiza amandla amakhulu okuthinta, okuzodala umonakalo kokungenalutho. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukuvunguza okuhle kuqala, kufanele kuqhunyiswe ngomfutho womoya ophansi kuqala, ukuze isikhunta esingenalutho sokuqala siqhunyiswe futhi sisondele odongeni nangaphansi kwesikhunta. igesi, okwenza ukupholisa kokukhipha okujikelezayo ku-thermos. Inqubo yokwenza kahle imi kanje: .
1 Ekuqaleni kokuvunguza okuphozithivu, ukuvunguza okuphozithivu kuqhuma okungenalutho bese kunamathela odongeni lwesikhunta. Umfutho womoya ophansi (isb. 1.2kg/cm²) kufanele kusetshenziswe kulesi sigaba, esibalelwa ku-30% wesikhathi sokuvunguza sesikhathi esihle,
2. Esigabeni sokugcina, isikhathi sokupholisa sangaphakathi se-thermos senziwa. Umoya ovunguzayo ovumayo ungasebenzisa umfutho womoya ophezulu (ofana no-2.6kg/cm²), futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwesikhathi kucishe kube ngu-70%. Ngenkathi ufutha ingcindezi ephezulu emoyeni we-thermos, ngenkathi uphumela ngaphandle komshini ukuze uphole.
Le nqubo enezigaba ezimbili zokuvunguza kahle ayiqinisekisi nje kuphela ukwakheka kwe-thermobottle ngokuqhumisa okungenalutho kokuqala, kodwa futhi ikhipha ngokushesha ukushisa kwe-thermobottle esibunjeni kuya ngaphandle komshini.
Isisekelo Setiyori Ezintathu Zokuqinisa I-Exhaust yamabhodlela ashisayo
Abanye abantu bazocela ukukhulisa isivinini, inqobo nje uma umoya opholile ungandiswa?
Eqinisweni, akunjalo. Siyazi ukuthi ngemva kokuba isikhunta esingenalutho sifakwe esikhunjeni, izinga lokushisa langaphakathi laso langaphakathi lisephezulu cishe cishe ku-1160 °C [1], okucishe kufane nezinga lokushisa le-gob. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ukwandise ijubane lomshini, ngaphezu kokwandisa umoya opholile, kuyadingeka futhi ukukhipha ukushisa ngaphakathi kwe-thermos, okungenye yezihluthulelo zokuvimbela ukuguquguquka kwe-thermos nokwandisa isivinini se-thermos. umshini.
Ngokusho kophenyo kanye nocwaningo lwenkampani yokuqala ye-Emhart, ukuchithwa kokushisa endaweni yokubumba kungokulandelayo: ukuchithwa kokushisa kwesikhunta kubalelwa ku-42% (Kudluliselwe ekubunjeni), i-akhawunti yokushisa ephansi i-16% (I-Bottom Plate), i-accounting positive evunguzayo yokushabalalisa ukushisa ibalelwa ku-22% (Ngesikhathi Sokushaywa Kokugcina), i-convection Ukukhishwa kokushisa kubala u-13% (convective), futhi ukuchithwa kokushisa okupholisayo kwangaphakathi kubala u-7% (Ukupholisa Kwangaphakathi) [2].
Nakuba ukupholisa kwangaphakathi kanye nokushisa kwangaphakathi komoya ovunguzayo omuhle kwenza kuphela u-7%, ubunzima busekupholiseni kwezinga lokushisa ku-thermos. Ukusetshenziswa komjikelezo wokupholisa wangaphakathi ukuphela kwendlela, futhi ezinye izindlela zokupholisa kunzima ukuzishintsha. Le nqubo yokupholisa iwusizo ikakhulukazi kumabhodlela anesivinini esikhulu nangaphansi.
Ngokocwaningo lwenkampani yakwa-Emhart yasekuqaleni, uma ukushisa okukhishelwe ku-thermos kunganyuka ngo-130%, amandla okukhulisa isivinini somshini angaphezulu kuka-10% ngokuya ngobumo bebhodlela abahlukene. (Okokuqala: Ukuhlolwa nokulingisa e-Emhart Glass Research Center (EGRC) kufakazele ukuthi ukukhishwa kokushisa kwesiqukathi sengilazi yangaphakathi kunganyuswa kufikela ku-130%. Kuye ngohlobo lwesiqukathi sengilazi, amandla amakhulu okunyuka kwesivinini aqinisekisiwe. Iziqukathi ezihlukahlukene zibonisa. amandla okukhulisa isivinini angaphezu kuka-10%.) [2]. Kungabonakala ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukupholisa ku-thermos!
Ngingakukhipha kanjani ukushisa okwengeziwe ku-thermos?
Ipuleti le-exhaust hole lenzelwe umqhubi womshini wokwenza ibhodlela ukulungisa usayizi wegesi yokukhipha. Ipuleti eliyindilinga elinezimbobo ezingu-5-7 zobubanzi obuhlukene obumbozwe kulo futhi ligxiliswe kubakaki bekhanda eliphephetha emoyeni noma ikhanda lomoya elinezikulufu. Umsebenzisi angakwazi ukulungisa ngokunengqondo usayizi wembobo yokukhipha umoya ngokuya ngosayizi, umumo kanye nenqubo yokwenza ibhodlela yomkhiqizo.
2 Ngokusho kwencazelo engenhla, ukwenza kahle isikhathi sokupholisa (Ukupholisa Kwangaphakathi) ngesikhathi sokuvunguza okuhle kungakhuphula ukucindezela komoya ocindezelwe futhi kuthuthukise isivinini nomthelela wokupholisa kwe-exhaust.
3 Zama ukunweba isikhathi esihle sokuvunguza ngesikhathi se-elekthronikhi,
4 Phakathi nenqubo yokuvunguza, umoya uyazungezwa ukuze uthuthukise ikhono lawo noma usebenzise “umoya obandayo” ukuze uphephethe, njll. Labo abanekhono kulo mkhakha bahlale behlola ubuchwepheshe obusha.
Qaphela:
Ngendlela yokucindezela nokufutha, njengoba isibhakela sishaywa ngokuqondile oketshezini lwengilazi, isibhakela sinomphumela oqinile wokupholisa, futhi izinga lokushisa lodonga lwangaphakathi lwe-thermos liye lehla kakhulu, cishe ngaphansi kuka-900 °C [1]. Kulesi simo, akuyona inkinga yokupholisa nokushisa ukushisa, kodwa ukugcina izinga lokushisa ku-thermos, ngakho-ke ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ezindleleni ezahlukene zokwelapha izinqubo ezahlukene zokwenza amabhodlela.
4. Ukuphakama sekukonke kwebhodlela lokulawula
Ngokubona lesi sihloko, abanye abantu bazobuza ukuthi ukuphakama kwebhodlela lengilazi kuyi-die + isikhunta, okubonakala sengathi akuhlangene kangako nekhanda eliphefumulayo. Eqinisweni, akunjalo. Umenzi wamabhodlela uye wabhekana nakho: lapho ikhanda eliphefumulayo lishaya umoya phakathi nokushintsha kwaphakathi nobusuku, i-thermos ebomvu izohamba phezulu ngaphansi kwesenzo somoya ocindezelwe, futhi ibanga lalokhu kuhamba lishintsha ibhodlela lengilazi. ukuphakama kwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, ifomula yokuphakama kwebhodlela lengilazi kufanele ishintshwe ibe: Isikhunta + Ukubumba + Ibanga ukusuka ebhodleleni elishisayo. Ukuphakama okuphelele kwebhodlela lengilazi kuqinisekiswe ngokuqinile ukubekezelela ukujula kobuso bokuphela kwekhanda elishayayo. Ubude bungase budlule izinga.
Kunamaphuzu amabili okumele kuqashelwe kuwo enqubweni yokukhiqiza:
1. Ikhanda eliphefumulayo ligqokwa ibhodlela elishisayo. Lapho isikhunta silungiswa, kuvame ukubonakala ukuthi kukhona isiyingi sezimpawu ezimise okomlomo webhodlela ebusweni bangaphakathi bokuphela kwesikhunta. Uma uphawu lujule kakhulu, luzophazamisa ubude bebhodlela (ibhodlela lizoba lide kakhulu), bheka uMfanekiso 3 kwesokunxele. Qaphela ukulawula ukubekezelelana lapho ulungisa. Enye inkampani ifaka indandatho (Stopper Ring) ngaphakathi kwayo, esebenzisa izinto zensimbi noma ezingezona ezensimbi, futhi ishintshwa njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphakama kwebhodlela lengilazi.
Ikhanda elishayayo lihamba ngokuphindaphindiwe liye phezulu naphansi emazingeni aphezulu ukuze licindezele isikhunta, futhi ubuso bokugcina bekhanda eliphefumulayo bugqokwe isikhathi eside, okuzophinde kuthinte ngokungaqondile ukuphakama kwebhodlela. Impilo yesevisi, qinisekisa ukuphakama okuphelele kwebhodlela lengilazi.
5. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesenzo sekhanda esivunguzayo kanye nesikhathi esihlobene
Isikhathi se-elekthronikhi sisetshenziswe kakhulu emishinini yesimanje yokwenza amabhodlela, futhi ikhanda lomoya nokuvunguza okuhle kunochungechunge lokuhlobana nezenzo ezithile:
1 Ukushaywa Kokugcina Kuvuliwe
Isikhathi sokuvula sokuvuthela okuhle kufanele sinqunywe ngokusho kobukhulu nokuma kwebhodlela lengilazi. Ukuvulwa kokuvunguza okuhle kungu-5-10° kamuva kunalowo ophephula ikhanda.
Ikhanda elishayayo linomphumela omncane wokuzinzisa ibhodlela
Kweminye imishini emidala yokwenza amabhodlela, umphumela we-pneumatic cushioning wokuvula nokuvala isikhunta awumuhle, futhi ibhodlela elishisayo lizozamazama kwesokunxele nakwesokudla lapho isikhunta sivulwa. Singawunqamula umoya ngaphansi kwekhanda lomoya lapho isikhunta sivulwa, kodwa umoya osekhanda lomoya awukavulwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ikhanda lomoya lisahlala phezu kwesikhunta, futhi lapho isikhunta sivulwa, sikhiqiza ukungqubuzana okuncane okudonsa ngekhanda lomoya. force, engadlala indima yokusiza ukuvulwa kwesikhunta kanye nokubhafa. Isikhathi siwukuthi: ikhanda lomoya licishe libe ngu-10° kamuva kunokuvulwa kwesikhunta.
Ukulungiselelwa okuyisikhombisa kobude bekhanda eliphephukayo
Uma sibeka izinga lekhanda legesi, ukusebenza okujwayelekile yilokhu:
1 Ngemuva kokuthi isikhunta sesivaliwe, akwenzeki ukuthi ikhanda lomoya licwile lapho ubakaki wekhanda eliphephetha umoya ucofa. Ukungalingani kahle ngokuvamile kubangela igebe phakathi kwekhanda lomoya kanye nesikhunta.
2 Uma isikhunta sivulwa, ukushaya ubakaki wekhanda eliphephethayo kuzokwenza ukuthi ikhanda eliphephukayo lehle lijule kakhulu, kubangele indlela yekhanda eliphephukayo kanye nesikhunta sigcizelelwe. Ngenxa yalokho, umshini uzosheshisa ukuguga noma ubangele ukulimala kwesikhunta. Emshinini wokwenza ibhodlela le-gob, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ama-blowheads okusetha okukhethekile (Ama-Blowheads okusetha), amafushane kunekhanda elivamile lomoya (Run Blowheads), cishe u-zero ukuya ku-minus zero.8 mm. Ukuhlelwa kokuphakama kwekhanda lomoya kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokuvumelana nezici ezibanzi ezifana nobukhulu, ukuma kanye nendlela yokwenza umkhiqizo.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa isethi yekhanda legesi:
1 Ukusetha okusheshayo konga isikhathi,
2 Ukumiswa kwendlela yemishini, engaguquki futhi ejwayelekile,
3 Izilungiselelo ezifanayo zinciphisa amaphutha,
4 Kunganciphisa ukulimala kwendlela yokwenza amabhodlela kanye nesikhunta.
Qaphela ukuthi uma usebenzisa ikhanda legesi ukuze umise, kufanele kube nezimpawu ezisobala, njengopende osobala noma oqoshwe izinombolo ezidonsa amehlo, njll., ukuze ugweme ukudideka ngekhanda elivamile legesi futhi ubangele ukulahlekelwa ngemva kokufakwa ngephutha ebhodleleni. umshini wokwenza.
8. Ukulinganisa ngaphambi kokuba ikhanda eliphephethayo lifakwe emshinini
Ikhanda eliphephukayo lihlanganisa ukuvunguza okuhle (Ukushaya Kokugcina), i-exhaust yomjikelezo wokupholisa (I-Exhaust Air), i-exhaust yobuso obuphephukayo (i-Vent) nomoya olinganayo (Equalizing Air) phakathi nenqubo yokuvunguza okuhle. Isakhiwo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi sibalulekile, futhi kunzima ukusigcina ngeso lenyama. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ngemva kokuqhuma okusha noma ukulungiswa, kungcono ukuyihlola ngemishini ekhethekile ukuze uhlole ukuthi amapayipi okungenisa nokukhipha wesiteshi ngasinye abushelelezi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umphumela ufinyelela inani eliphakeme. Izinkampani ezijwayelekile zakwamanye amazwe zinemishini ekhethekile yokuqinisekisa. Singakwazi futhi ukwenza idivayisi efanelekile yokulinganisa ikhanda legesi ngokuvumelana nezimo zendawo, ezisebenza ngokuyinhloko. Uma ozakwethu benentshisekelo kulokhu, bangabhekisela kulungelo lobunikazi [4]: INDLELA KANYE NE-APPARATUS YOKUHLOLA I-DUAL-STAGE BLOWHEAD ku-inthanethi.
9 Ukukhubazeka okungenzeka okuhlobene kwekhanda legesi
Amaphutha ngenxa yokungabekelwa kahle kokushaywa kwekhanda nekhanda:
1 Vuthela Uqede
Ukubonakaliswa: Umlomo webhodlela uyaphuma (amaqhuqhuva), imbangela: umoya olingana wekhanda eliphephethayo uyavinjwa noma awusebenzi.
2 Indawo Yokuvala Ekharizimuli
Ukubukeka: Imifantu engajulile onqenqemeni olungaphezulu lomlomo webhodlela, imbangela: Ubuso obungaphakathi ekugcineni kwekhanda eliphephethayo bugugile kakhulu, futhi ibhodlela elishisayo liya phezulu lapho liphephetha, futhi libangelwa umthelela.
3 Igolo Eligobile
Ukusebenza: Intamo yebhodlela ithambekele futhi ayiqondile. Isizathu siwukuthi ikhanda eliphephula umoya alibushelelezi ukuqeda ukushisa futhi ukushisa akukhiphi ngokuphelele, futhi ibhodlela elishisayo lithambile futhi likhubazekile ngemva kokucindezelwa ngaphandle.
4 Vuthela uphawu lwepayipi
Izimpawu: Kukhona imihuzuko odongeni lwangaphakathi lwentamo yebhodlela. Isizathu: Ngaphambi kokuvuthela, ipayipi elivuthelayo lithinta uphawu lwepayipi elivuthelayo elakhiwe odongeni lwangaphakathi lwebhodlela.
5 Umzimba Ongaqhumi
Izimpawu: Ukwakheka okunganele komzimba webhodlela. Izimbangela: Ukucindezela komoya okunganele noma isikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuvunguza okuhle, ukuvinjwa kwe-ehaust noma ukulungiswa okungafanele kwezimbobo zokukhipha umoya we-exhaust plate.
6 Ihlombe Elingaqhumi
Ukusebenza: Ibhodlela lengilazi alakhiwe ngokugcwele, okuholela ekuguquguqukeni kwehlombe lebhodlela. Izizathu: ukupholisa okunganele ebhodleleni elishisayo, ukuvinjelwa kwe-exhaust noma ukulungiswa okungalungile kwembobo yokukhipha i-exhaust plate, kanye nehlombe elithambile le-hot bottle sags.
7 Ukuma okungafanelekile (ibhodlela ligwegwile) (LEANER)
Ukusebenza: Ukuphambuka phakathi komugqa ophakathi komlomo webhodlela kanye nomugqa oqondile ophansi webhodlela, imbangela: ukupholisa ngaphakathi kwebhodlela elishisayo akwanele, okwenza ibhodlela elishisayo lithambile kakhulu, futhi ibhodlela elishisayo sitshekele ohlangothini olulodwa, okubangela ukuba sichezuke phakathi nendawo futhi siwohloke.
Lokhu okungenhla kuwumbono wami siqu, ngicela ungilungise.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-28-2022