Ukwakhiwa okuyinhloko kwengilazi yi-quartz (silica). I-quartz inokumelana kahle namanzi (okungukuthi, ayihlangani namanzi). Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika (cishe ngo-2000 ° C) kanye nentengo ephezulu ye-silica ehlanzekile, ayifanele ukusetshenziswa Ukukhiqizwa kweMisa; Ukwengeza izilungisi zenethiwekhi kungehlisa indawo encibilikayo yengilazi futhi kwehlise intengo. Izilungisi zenethiwekhi ezivamile ziyi-sodium, i-calcium, njll.; kodwa ama-modifiers enethiwekhi azoshintshanisa i-hydrogen ions emanzini, anciphise ukumelana kwamanzi kwengilazi; ukwengeza i-boron ne-Aluminium kungaqinisa isakhiwo sengilazi, izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo likhuphuke, kodwa ukumelana kwamanzi kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu.
Izinto zokupakisha zemithi zingathintana ngqo nezidakamizwa, futhi ikhwalithi yazo izothinta ukuphepha nokuzinza kwemithi. Engilazini yokwelapha, enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zekhwalithi yayo ukumelana namanzi: ukuphakama kokumelana namanzi, ukwehla kwengozi yokusabela ngezidakamizwa, kanye nekhwalithi yengilazi ephezulu.
Ngokusho kokumelana namanzi ukusuka kokuphansi kuya phezulu, ingilazi yokwelapha ingahlukaniswa ibe: ingilazi ye-soda lime, ingilazi ye-borosilicate ephansi kanye nengilazi ye-borosilicate ephakathi. Ku-Pharmacopoeia, ingilazi ihlukaniswa ngeClass I, Class II, kanye neClass III. Ingilazi ye-borosilicate yezinga eliphezulu ye-Class I ifanele ukupakishwa kwezidakamizwa zokujova, kanti ingilazi ye-soda ye-Class III ye-lime isetshenziselwa ukupakishwa kwezidakamizwa zomlomo kanye nezidakamizwa eziqinile, futhi ayifanele izidakamizwa zomjovo.
Esikhathini esedlule, ingilazi ephansi ye-borosilicate kanye nengilazi ye-soda-lime bekusasetshenziswa engilazini yemithi yasekhaya. Ngokusho "kombiko ojulile woCwaningo kanye neSu lokutshala imali kuPhakheji yengilazi yaseChina (uHlelo luka-2019)", ukusetshenziswa kwe-borosilicate engilazini yemithi yasekhaya ngo-2018 kubalele kuphela u-7-8%. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-United States, i-Europe, iJapane, neRussia zonke zigunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwengilazi ye-borosilicate engathathi hlangothi kuwo wonke amalungiselelo omjovo kanye namalungiselelo ezinto eziphilayo, ingilazi ye-borosilicate ephakathi isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yezemithi yangaphandle.
Ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa ngokusho kokumelana kwamanzi, ngokwezinqubo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza, ingilazi yokwelapha ihlukaniswe ngamabhodlela abunjiwe namabhodlela alawulwayo. Ibhodlela elibunjiwe ukujova ngokuqondile uketshezi lwengilazi esikhunjeni ukwenza ibhodlela lomuthi; kuyilapho ibhodlela lokulawula kuwukwenza kuqala uketshezi lwengilazi libe yishubhu yengilazi, bese usika ishubhu lengilazi ukwenza ibhodlela lomuthi
Ngokombiko Wokuhlaziya Wemboni Yezinto Zokupakisha Zengilazi Yemijovo ngo-2019, amabhodlela omjovo abalelwa ku-55% wengilazi ephelele yemithi futhi angomunye wemikhiqizo ephambili yengilazi yemithi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthengiswa kwemijovo eChina kuqhubekile nokukhula, okwenza isidingo samabhodlela omjovo siqhubeke sikhuphuka, futhi izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo ezihlobene nomjovo zizoqhuba izinguquko emakethe yengilazi yemithi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-19-2021