Okuhlaza, Ayihambisani Nemvelo, Ibhodlela Lengilazi Engase Isetshenziswe Kabusha

utshani,

umphakathi wesintu wokuqala

izinto zokupakisha nezinto zokuhlobisa,

Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka ikhona emhlabeni.

Kusukela ngo-3700 BC.

abaseGibhithe lasendulo benza imihlobiso yengilazi

kanye ne-glassware elula.

umphakathi wanamuhla,

Ingilazi iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa inqubekelaphambili yomphakathi wesintu,

Kusukela kusibonakude sokuhlola komuntu indawo

I-Optical glass lens isetshenzisiwe

ingilazi ye-fiber optic esetshenziswa ekudluliselweni kolwazi,

kanye nesibani esiqanjwe ngu-Edison

Letha ingilazi yomthombo wokukhanya,

Zonke zibonisa indima ebalulekile yezinto zengilazi.

Emphakathini wanamuhla,

Ingilazi ihlanganisiwe

zonke izici zokuphila kwethu.

Emkhakheni wendabuko wokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke,

Izinto zengilazi ziletha ukusebenza,

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezela ubuhle nomuzwa ekuphileni kwethu.

Emkhakheni wama-electronics abathengi,

omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha,

I-LCD TV, izibani ze-LED neminye imikhiqizo kagesi

Asikho isidingo sezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zezinto zengilazi.

Emkhakheni wokupakishwa kwemithi,

Ingilazi ihlobene eduze nempilo yethu.

Emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha,

Ayihlukaniseki ngosizo lwezinto zengilazi.

Ingilazi ye-Photovoltaic evela ku-photovoltaics

ukwakha ingilazi eyonga amandla

Kanye nengilazi yokubonisa imoto kanye nengilazi yezimoto,

Izinto zengilazi ezigabeni eziningi

inendima engenakuthathelwa indawo.

Phakathi neminyaka engaphezu kuka-4,000 yokusetshenziswa,

Ingilazi kanye Nomphakathi Wabantu

Ukuhlalisana okuvumelanayo nokukhuthazana,

zaziwe kabanzi emphakathini

Okuluhlaza okotshani, kunobungani kwemvelo futhi kugaywa kabusha

izinto ezihambisana nemvelo,

cishe umphakathi wesintu

Yonke intuthuko nenqubekelaphambili,

Kukhona izinto zengilazi.

Umthombo wengilazi oluhlaza uluhlaza

Phakathi kwezinhlanganisela ze-silicate ezakha isakhiwo esiyinhloko sengilazi, i-silicon ingenye yezinto ezitholakala ngobuningi obukhulu oqweqweni lomhlaba, kanti i-silicon ikhona ngesimo samaminerali emvelweni.

Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziswa engilazini ikakhulukazi isihlabathi se-quartz, i-borax, i-soda ash, i-limestone, njll. Ngokwezidingo ezihlukene zokusebenza kwengilazi, inani elincane lezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa eziwusizo zinganezelwa ukulungisa ukusebenza kwengilazi.

Lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa azinangozi emvelweni lapho kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuvikela ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bengilazi, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa sekuphenduke into eluhlaza engenabuthi engenabungozi emzimbeni womuntu kanye nemvelo, futhi kunezinyathelo zokuvikela ezivuthiwe ohlelweni lokusebenzisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlaza futhi unempilo. imvelo ingilazi izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ingilazi ngokuyinhloko iqukethe izinyathelo ezine: ukuhlanganisa, ukuncibilika, ukwakha kanye nokuhlanganisa, kanye nokucubungula. Yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ngokuyisisekelo izuze ukukhiqizwa nokulawula okuhlakaniphile.

Umsebenzisi angasetha futhi alungise imingcele yenqubo kuphela egumbini lokulawula, futhi asebenzise ukuqapha okumaphakathi kwayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuqina komsebenzi futhi kuthuthukise indawo yokusebenza yabasebenzi.

Ngesikhathi kukhiqizwa ingilazi, kuye kwasungulwa inqwaba yezindawo zokuqapha izinga kanye ne-emission ukuze kuqashwe ukukhishwa kwegesi phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza futhi kuqinisekiswe ngokuqinile ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke zokuvikela imvelo.

Njengamanje, ekukhiqizeni ingilazi, imithombo eyinhloko yokushisa enqubweni yokuncibilika kwengilazi amandla ahlanzekile, akhuthazwa ngamandla ngamazwe afana nophethiloli wegesi yemvelo nogesi.

Ngokuthuthuka kanye nenqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ingilazi, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuvutha kwe-oxyfuel kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kukagesi ekukhiqizeni ingilazi kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokulondoloza amandla.

Njengoba inqubo yomlilo isebenzisa i-oksijini ngokuhlanzeka okungaba ngu-95%, okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen oxides emikhiqizweni evuthayo kuyancishiswa, futhi ukushisa kwegesi yokushisa ephezulu ekhiqizwa ukuvutha kuphinde kutholakale ukuze kushiswe nokukhiqiza amandla.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuncishiswe kangcono ukukhishwa okungcolile, ifektri yengilazi yenze i-desulfurization, i-denitrification kanye nokwelashwa kokususa uthuli ku-flue gas ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa.

Amanzi embonini yengilazi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekupholiseni ukukhiqiza, okukwazi ukubona ukugaywa kabusha kwamanzi. Ngenxa yokuthi ingilazi izinzile ngokwedlulele, ngeke ingcolise amanzi okupholisa, futhi ifektri yengilazi inohlelo oluzimele lokujikeleza, ngakho-ke yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ngeke ikhiqize amanzi angcolile.