⑵ I-Bottleneck, ihlombe lebhodlela
Intamo nehlombe kukhona ukuxhumana kanye nezingxenye zokuguquka phakathi komlomo webhodlela kanye nomzimba webhodlela. Kufanele zakhiwe ngokuhambisana nokuma kanye nemvelo yokuqukethwe, kuhlanganiswe nokuma, usayizi wesakhiwo kanye nezidingo zamandla zomzimba webhodlela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubunzima bokukhiqiza umshini wokwenza amabhodlela othomathikhi nokugcwalisa kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe. Cabangela uhlobo lophawu oluzosetshenziswa lapho ukhetha ububanzi bangaphakathi bentamo. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwedayimitha yangaphakathi yomlomo webhodlela kanye nomthamo webhodlela kanye nefomu lokuvala elisetshenzisiwe lifakwe ohlwini.
Uma okuqukethwe kuzokonakala ngaphansi kwesenzo somoya oyinsalela ebhodleleni elivaliwe, uhlobo lwebhodlela kuphela olunobubanzi obuncane bangaphakathi lapho uketshezi luthinta khona umoya lungasetshenziswa.
Okwesibili, kufanele silwele ukwenza okuqukethwe ibhodlela kungenziwa ngokushelela batheleka kwesinye isitsha, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu iziphuzo, imithi namabhodlela utshwala. Uma nje ukuguqulwa okuvela engxenyeni enkulu kakhulu yomzimba webhodlela kuya entanyeni yebhodlela kukhethwe kahle, uketshezi lungathululwa ebhodleleni ngokuzolile. Ibhodlela elinenguquko kancane kancane futhi ebushelelezi ukusuka emzimbeni webhodlela ukuya entanyeni livumela uketshezi ukuba luthululwe ngokuzolile kakhulu. Umoya ungena ebhodleleni ubangele ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza koketshezi, okwenza kube nzima ukuthela uketshezi kwesinye isitsha. Kungenzeka kuphela lapho okuthiwa i-air cushion ixhumana nomkhathi ozungezile ukuthulula uketshezi ngokuthula kusuka ebhodleleni ngokushintsha okungazelelwe kusuka emzimbeni webhodlela kuya entanyeni.
Uma okuqukethwe ebhodleleni kungalingani, ingxenye esindayo izocwila kancane kancane iye phansi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ibhodlela elinokuguqulwa okungazelelwe kusuka emzimbeni webhodlela kuya entanyeni kufanele likhethwe ngokukhethekile, ngoba ingxenye enzima kakhulu yokuqukethwe ihlukaniswa kalula nezinye izingxenye lapho ithululelwa ngalolu hlobo lwebhodlela.
Izinhlobo ezivamile zesakhiwo sentamo nehlombe ziboniswa kuMfanekiso 6-26.
Ukuma kwentamo yebhodlela kuxhunywe entanyeni yebhodlela kanye nehlombe lebhodlela phansi, ngakho-ke umugqa wokuma wentamo yebhodlela ungahlukaniswa ube izingxenye ezintathu: umugqa wentamo yomlomo, umugqa ophakathi kwentamo kanye nomugqa wehlombe wentamo. shintsha ngokushintsha.
Ukuma nokuguqulwa komugqa wentamo yebhodlela kanye nokuma kwayo kuncike ekubunjweni okuphelele kwebhodlela, okungahlukaniswa ngohlobo olungenayo intamo (inguqulo yomlomo obanzi wokudla), uhlobo lwentamo emfushane (isiphuzo) kanye nentamo ende. uhlobo (iwayini). Uhlobo lwe-neckless ngokuvamile luxhunywe nge-neckline ngqo emgqeni wehlombe, kanti uhlobo olufushane lunentamo emfushane kuphela. Imigqa eqondile, i-convex arcs noma i-concave arcs ivame ukusetshenziswa; ohlotsheni lwentamo ende, i-neckline yinde, engashintsha ngokuphawulekayo ukuma kwe-neckline, i-neckline kanye ne-neck-shoulder line, okuzokwenza ibhodlela libe lisha. Zizwe. Isimiso esiyisisekelo nendlela yokwenza imodeli yayo ukuqhathanisa ubukhulu, i-engeli, nokugoba kwengxenye ngayinye yentamo ngokungeza nokukhipha. Lokhu kuqhathanisa akukona nje ukuqhathaniswa kwentamo ngokwayo, kodwa futhi kufanele kunakekele ubuhlobo obuhlukile nesimo somugqa jikelele webhodlela. Ubudlelwano bokuxhumanisa. Ngomumo webhodlela odinga ukubhalwa ngelebula lentamo, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhelwe ukuma nobude belebula yentamo.
Ingaphezulu lehlombe lebhodlela lixhunywe entanyeni yebhodlela futhi phansi kuxhunywe emzimbeni webhodlela, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuguqulwa komugqa webhodlela.
Umugqa wehlombe ungavame ukuhlukaniswa ngokuthi "ihlombe eliyisicaba", "ihlombe eliphonsa", "ihlombe elitshekayo", "ihlombe lobuhle" kanye "nehlombe elinyathele". Amajamo amahlombe ahlukahlukene angakhiqiza ubujamo behlombe obuhlukahlukene ngokushintsha ubude, i-engeli kanye nejika lamahlombe.
Ukuma okuhlukile kwamahlombe ebhodlela kunemiphumela ehlukene emandleni esitsheni.
⑶ umzimba webhodlela
Umzimba webhodlela uyisakhiwo esiyinhloko sesitsha seglasi, futhi ukuma kwayo kungaba okuhlukahlukene. Umfanekiso 6-28 ubonisa izimo ezihlukahlukene zengxenye yesiphambano somzimba webhodlela. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwalezi zimo, umbuthano kuphela ogcizelelwe ngokulinganayo nxazonke, unamandla wesakhiwo esihle kakhulu nokusebenza okuhle kokubumba, futhi uketshezi lwengilazi kulula ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo. Ngakho-ke, iziqukathi zengilazi ezidinga ukumelana nokucindezela ngokuvamile ziyindilinga esigabeni esiphambanayo. Umfanekiso 6-29 ukhombisa izimo ezihlukene zamabhodlela kabhiya. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ububanzi obuqondile bushintsha kanjani, ingxenye yayo eyisiphambano iyindilinga.
Lapho uklama amabhodlela amise okwesipesheli, uhlobo lwebhodlela nokuqina kodonga kufanele kukhethwe kahle futhi kuklanywe ngokuhambisana nesiqondiso sokucindezeleka odongeni lomkhiqizo. Ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kodonga lwebhodlela le-tetrahedral. Indingilizi enamachashazi emfanekisweni imele umugqa wokucindezeleka onguziro, imigqa enamachashazi emagumbini amane ahambisana nengaphandle lendilinga imelela ingcindezi eqinile, futhi imigqa enamachashazi ehambisana nezindonga ezine ngaphakathi kwendilinga imelela ingcindezi ecindezelayo.
Ngokungeziwe kwamanye amabhodlela akhethekile akhethekile (amabhodlela okufakwayo, amabhodlela emithi elwa namagciwane, njll.), amazinga amanje esitsha sokupakisha engilazi (izindinganiso zikazwelonke, amazinga emboni) anemithetho ethile mayelana nobukhulu bomzimba webhodlela. Ukuze kusebenze imakethe, iziqukathi eziningi zokupakisha ingilazi , Ukuphakama akucacisiwe, kuphela ukubekezelelana okuhambisanayo kucacisiwe. Kodwa-ke, lapho uklama ukwakheka kwebhodlela, ngaphezu kokucabangela ithuba lokukhiqiza lomumo kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, i-ergonomics kufanele futhi icatshangelwe, okungukuthi, ukwenziwa kahle komumo kanye nemisebenzi ehlobene nomuntu.
Ukuze isandla somuntu sithinte ukuma kwesitsha, ububanzi bobubanzi besandla kanye nokunyakaza kwesandla kufanele kucatshangelwe, futhi imingcele yokulinganisa ehlobene nesandla kufanele icatshangelwe ekuklanyeni. Isikali somuntu singenye yedatha eyisisekelo kakhulu ocwaningweni lwe-ergonomics. Ububanzi besiqukathi bunqunywa umthamo wesiqukathi. 5cm. Ngaphandle kweziqukathi zezinhloso ezikhethekile, uma sikhuluma nje, ubukhulu obuncane besiqukathi akufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-2. 5cm. Uma ubukhulu be-diameter budlula u-9cm, isitsha sokuphatha sizophuma kalula esandleni. Ububanzi besiqukathi bumaphakathi, ukuze kube nomphumela omkhulu kakhulu. Ububanzi nobude besiqukathi nakho kuhlobene namandla okubamba. Kudingekile ukusebenzisa isitsha esinamandla amakhulu okubamba, futhi ubeke yonke iminwe yakho kuso lapho usibamba. Ngakho-ke, ubude besitsha kufanele bube bude kunobubanzi besandla; ezitsheni ezingadingi ukubamba okuningi, udinga kuphela ukubeka iminwe edingekayo esitsheni, noma usebenzise intende yesandla sakho ukuyiphakamisa, futhi ubude besitsha bungaba bufushane.
⑷ Isithende sebhodlela
Isithende sebhodlela siyingxenye yokuguqula exhumanisayo phakathi komzimba webhodlela kanye nephansi lebhodlela, futhi ukuma kwawo ngokuvamile kuthobela izidingo zomumo jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ukuma kwesithende sebhodlela kunethonya elikhulu kunkomba yamandla yebhodlela. Isakhiwo senguquko encane ye-arc kanye nephansi yebhodlela isetshenziswa. Amandla omthwalo ome mpo wesakhiwo aphakeme, futhi ukushaqeka komshini namandla okuthuthumela okushisayo kuncane kakhulu. Ubukhulu bezansi buhlukile futhi ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kukhiqizwa. Uma ibhekene nokushaqeka kwemishini noma ukushaqeka okushisayo, kulula kakhulu ukuqhekeka lapha. Ibhodlela liguqulwa nge-arc enkulu, futhi ingxenye engezansi ixhunywe nebhodlela eliphansi ngendlela yokuhlehlisa. Ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwesakhiwo kuncane, ukushaqeka kwemishini, ukushaqeka okushisayo namandla okuthuthumela kwamanzi kuphezulu, futhi amandla omthwalo omile nawo mahle. Umzimba webhodlela kanye nephansi lebhodlela kuyisakhiwo sokuxhuma esiyindilinga, esinomthelela omuhle wokusebenza namandla okuthuka okushisayo, kodwa amandla omthwalo ome mpo angenamandla namandla omthelela wamanzi.
⑸ Phansi kwebhodlela
Iphansi lebhodlela lingaphansi kwebhodlela futhi lidlala indima yokusekela isitsha. Amandla nokuzinza phansi kwebhodlela kubaluleke kakhulu. Amabhodlela engilazi aphansi ngokuvamile aklanyelwe ukuthi abe yi-concave, anganciphisa izindawo zokuthintana endizeni yokuxhumana futhi akhulise ukuzinza. Iphansi lebhodlela kanye nesithende sebhodlela kwamukela i-arc transition, futhi i-arc enkulu yenguquko inenzuzo ukuthuthukisa amandla ebhodlela kanye ne-can. I-radius yamakhona phansi kwebhodlela yenza umqondo omkhulu wokukhiqiza. Amakhona ayindilinga anqunywa indlela yokuhlanganiswa komzimba wesikhunta kanye nephansi lesikhunta. Uma inhlanganisela yesikhunta esakhayo kanye nephansi lesikhunta ku-perpendicular ku-axis yomkhiqizo, okungukuthi, ukuguqulwa kusuka ekhoneni eliyindilinga kuya emzimbeni webhodlela kuvundlile, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izilinganiso ezifanele zekhona eliyindilinga. .
Ngokusho kokuma kwebhodlela eliphansi elitholwe yilezi zilinganiso, isenzakalo sokuwa phansi kwebhodlela singagwenywa lapho udonga lwamabhodlela luncane.
Uma amakhona ayindilinga enziwa emzimbeni wesikhunta, okungukuthi, umzimba wesikhunta ukhiqizwa ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-extrusion, kungcono ukuthatha usayizi wekona oyindilinga webhodlela eliphansi. Kuleyo mikhiqizo edinga udonga olujiyile oluzungeze phansi ibhodlela, izilinganiso ezibalwe kuthebula elingenhla nazo ziyatholakala. Uma kukhona ungqimba olujiyile lwengilazi eduze noguquko ukusuka phansi kwebhodlela kuya emzimbeni webhodlela, phansi komkhiqizo ngeke kudilike.
Izansi eziyindingilizi eziphindwe kabili zifanelekile kumikhiqizo enobubanzi obukhulu. Inzuzo ukuthi ingakwazi ukumelana kangcono nokucindezela okubangelwa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwengilazi. Kuma-athikili anesisekelo esinjalo, ukukalwa kokucindezelwa kwangaphakathi kubonise ukuthi ingilazi emakhoneni ayindilinga ibikuminyathela esikhundleni sokushuba. Uma ingaphansi komthwalo ogobayo, ingilazi ngeke ikwazi ukumelana nawo.
Iphansi eliyiconvex lingaqinisekisa ukuzinza komkhiqizo. Ukuma nobukhulu bayo empeleni zenziwe ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwebhodlela kanye nomshini wokwenza ibhodlela osetshenzisiwe.
Kodwa-ke, uma i-arc inkulu kakhulu, indawo yokusekela izoncishiswa futhi ukuzinza kwebhodlela kuzoncishiswa. Ngaphansi kwesimo sekhwalithi ethile yebhodlela kanye ne-can, ubukhulu bendawo ephansi yebhodlela busekelwe kubukhulu obuncane obuphansi bebhodlela njengemfuneko yokuklama, kanye nesilinganiso sobukhulu obuphansi bebhodlela. kucacisiwe, futhi ulwela ukuba nomehluko omncane phakathi kokuqina kwebhodlela eliphansi futhi unciphise ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-15-2022