⑵ ibhodlela le-bottleneck, ihlombe lamabhodlela
Intamo nehlombe kungukuxhumana nezingxenye zenguquko phakathi komlomo wamabhodlela kanye nomzimba webhodlela. Kufanele zenzelwe ngokwesimo kanye nohlobo lokuqukethwe, okuhlanganiswe nokwakheka, usayizi wesakhiwo kanye nezidingo zamandla komzimba webhodlela. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubunzima bokukhiqizwa komshini webhodlela ezenzakalelayo nokugcwaliswa kufanele nakho kufanele kubhekwe. Cabanga ngohlobo lwesiLimbo okufanele lusetshenziswe lapho ukhetha ububanzi obungaphakathi kwentamo. Ubudlelwano phakathi kobubanzi obungaphakathi bomlomo wesibhodlela kanye nomthamo webhodlela kanye nefomu lokuvalwa kwalolo kufakwe kuhlu.
Uma okuqukethwe kuzokonakala ngaphansi kwesenzo somoya osele ebhodleleni elivaliwe, hlobo lohlobo lwebhodlela kuphela ngobubanzi obuncane bangaphakathi lapho kutholakala khona oxhumana naye.
Okwesibili, kufanele alwele ukwenza okuqukethwe ebhodleleni kungathululelwa kahle esinye isitsha, okubaluleke kakhulu ezifuyweni, amabhodlela otshwala. Uma nje uguquko kusuka engxenyeni enkulu yebhodlela entanyeni yebhodlela kukhethwe kahle, uketshezi lungathululelwa ebhodleleni elizolile. Ibhodlela elinoguquko oluhamba kancane futhi olubushelelezi kusuka emzimbeni webhodlela kuya entanyeni kuvumela ukuthi uketshezi luthululwe ngokuthula kakhulu. Umoya ubona ebhodleleni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza koketshezi, okwenza kube nzima ukuthulula uketshezi lube esinye isitsha. Kungenzeka kuphela lapho i-pushion ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Air Cushion ixhumana nomoya ozungezile ukuthela uketshezi oluzolile kusuka ebhodleleni ngokushintshwa okungazelelwe kusuka ebhodlweni.
Uma okuqukethwe ebhodleleni akulingani, ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke izoshona kancane kancane. Ngalesi sikhathi, ibhodlela ngokushintshwa okungazelelwe kusuka emzimbeni webhodlela kuya entanyeni kufanele kukhethwe ngokukhethekile, ngoba ingxenye enkulu yokuqukethwe ihlukaniswe kalula kwezinye izingxenye lapho uthele lolu hlobo lwebhodlela.
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zenhlamba nehlombe zikhonjiswa kuMfanekiso 6-26.
Ijamo le-Bottle Neck lixhunywe entanyeni yebhodlela kanye ne-bhodlela ehlombe ezansi, ngakho-ke umugqa womugqa webhodlela ungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezintathu: umugqa wentamo yomlomo, umugqa ophakathi kwentamo kanye nomugqa we-limo ehlombe. shintsha ngoshintsho.
Ukushintshwa komumo kanye nomugqa wentamo yamabhodlela kanye nesimo sayo kuncike esimweni esiphelele sebhodlela, esingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-no-intamo (uhlobo lomlomo oluningi lokudla), uhlobo lwentamo olufushane (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo lwentamo ende (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini) nohlobo olude (iwayini). Uhlobo olungenantambo luvame ukuxhunywa ngentambo ngqo emugqeni wehlombe, ngenkathi uhlobo olunentambo olunentamo olunentambo lunentamo emfushane kuphela. Imigqa eqondile, ama-arc we-convex noma ama-acconcive arcs ajwayele ukusetshenziswa; Ngohlobo lwentamo olude, intambo yisikhathi eside, engashintsha kakhulu ukwakheka kwentambo, umugqa wentambo kanye nomugqa wamahlombe, ozokwenza ukwakheka kwebhodlela kube okusha. Zizwe. Umgomo oyisisekelo kanye nendlela yokulinganisa kwayo ukuqhathanisa usayizi, i-angle, kanye ne-curvature yengxenye ngayinye yentamo ngokunezela nokukhipha. Lokhu kuqhathanisa akuyona nje ukuqhathanisa kwentamo uqobo, kodwa futhi kufanele unakekele ubuhlobo obuhlukile nokwakheka komugqa ophelele kwebhodlela. Ubudlelwane bokuxhumanisa. Ngokwesimo sebhodlela esidinga ukufakwa ilebula ngelebuli yentamo, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe esimeni nobude belebula lentamo.
Ingaphezulu lehlombe lebhodlela lixhumeke entanyeni yebhodlela futhi phansi kuxhunywe emzimbeni webhodlela, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yoshintsho lwentambo yomugqa webhodlela.
Umugqa wehlombe kungenzeka uhlukaniswe "ehlombe elifulethi", "uphonsa ihlombe", "ehlombe" Amajamo ahlukahlukene amahlombe angakhiqiza ukwakheka kwamahlombe amaningi ahlukene ngokusebenzisa izinguquko ngobude, i-angle kanye nejika lamahlombe.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlombe ebhodlela zinemiphumela ehlukene emandleni esitsheni.
⑶ umzimba webhodlela
Umzimba webhodlela yisakhiwo esikhulu sesitsha sengilazi, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kungahluka. Umdwebo 6-28 ukhombisa ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene kwesigaba sesiphambano somzimba webhodlela. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwalezi zimo, kuphela umbuthano ugcizelelwa ngokufana nxazonke, ngamandla amahle kakhulu ngokwesakhiwo nokusebenza okuhle okwakhayo, futhi uketshezi lwengilazi kulula ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo. Ngakho-ke, iziqukathi zengilazi ezidinga ukumelana nengcindezi ziyindilinga ngokuvamile esigabeni sesiphambano. Umdwebo 6-29 ukhombisa ukwakheka okuhlukile kwamabhodlela ebhiya. Akunandaba ukuthi ububanzi obuqondile buguquka kanjani, isigaba salo sesiphambano siyindilinga.
Lapho uklama amabhodlela akhethekile, uhlobo lwebhodlela kanye nosayizi odongeni kufanele kukhethwe kahle futhi kuklanywe ngokuya ngesiqondiso sengcindezi odongeni lomkhiqizo. Ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kodonga lwebhodlela le-tetrahedral. Umbuthano onamachashazi amele umugqa we-zero stress, imigqa enamachashazi emakhoneni amane ahambelana nabangaphandle kombuthano amele ukucindezelwa okuthe xaxa, futhi imigqa enamachashazi ehambelana nezindonga ezine ngaphakathi kwendilinga.
Ngokungeziwe kwamabhodlela akhethekile akhethekile (amabhodlela okufakwayo, amabhodlela ama-antibiotic, njll.), Amazinga we-Contaider e-Contaider akhona njengamanje (amazinga kazwelonke, amazinga ezimboni) anemithetho ethile ngosayizi womzimba webhodlela. Ukuze kusebenze imakethe, iziqukathi eziningi zokupakisha zengilazi, ukuphakama akucaciswanga, ukubekezelelana okuhambisanayo kuphela okucacisiwe. Kodwa-ke, lapho uklama ukwakheka kwebhodlela, ngaphezu kokubheka amathuba okukhiqiza ukwakheka nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kufanele futhi kubhekwe, okungukuthi, ukusebenza kahle kwe-Shape neMisebenzi ehlobene nomuntu.
Ukuze umuntu athinte ukwakheka kwesitsha, ububanzi besandla sobubanzi kanye nokunyakaza kwesandla kumele kubhekwe, futhi amapharamitha wokulinganisa ahlobene nesandla kufanele acatshangwe ekwakhiweni. Isikali somuntu kungenye yemininingwane eyisisekelo kakhulu ku-Ergonomics Research. Ububanzi besitsha bunqunywa umthamo wesitsha. 5cm. Ngaphandle kweziqukathi ngezinhloso ezikhethekile, ngokuvamile ukukhuluma, ububanzi obuncane besitsha akufanele bube ngaphansi kwe-2. 5cm. Lapho ubukhulu obukhulu budlula i-9CM, isitsha sokuphatha sizophuma kalula esandleni. Ububanzi besitsha bulinganiselwe, ukuze basebenzise umphumela omkhulu kunabo bonke. Ububanzi nobude besitsha kuhlobene nokuqina kwamandla. Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa isitsha ngamandla amakhulu okubamba, bese ubeka yonke iminwe yakho kuyo lapho uyibambe. Ngakho-ke, ubude besitsha kufanele bube yinde kunobubanzi besandla; Eziqukathi ezingadingi ukubamba okuningi, udinga kuphela ukubeka iminwe edingekayo esitsheni, noma usebenzise intende yakho ukuze uyibambe, futhi ubude besitsha bufushane.
⑷ ibhodlela lesithende
I-BOTTLE Heel iyingxenye yokuguqula ingxenye phakathi komzimba webhodlela kanye nebhodlela phansi, futhi ukwakheka kwalo ngokuvamile kulalela izidingo zesimo se-shame jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwesithende sebhodlela kunethonya elikhulu enkombeni yamandla ebhodlela. Isakhiwo senguquko encane ye-arc futhi phansi kwebhodlela kusetshenziswa. Amandla womthwalo ame mpo wesakhiwo aphezulu, futhi amandla okwethuka kanye namandla okuthuthumela ashisayo ampofu. Ubukhulu baphansi buyehlukene futhi ukucindezela kwangaphakathi kukhiqizwa. Lapho kufakwa ethubeni lokushaqeka noma ukwethuka okushisayo, kulula kakhulu ukuqhekeka lapha. Ibhodlela liguqulwa nge-arc enkulu, futhi ingxenye engezansi ixhumeke ngebhodlela elingezansi ngendlela yokubuyiselwa. Ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi kwesakhiwo kuncane, ukushaqeka kwemishini, ukushaqeka okushisayo kanye namandla okuthuthumela kwamanzi aphezulu, namandla okulayisha asemntwini nawo alungile. Umzimba webhodlela kanye ne-bottle engezansi ukwakheka kokuxhumeka kwenguquko okuyi-mechanic, okunomthelela omuhle wemishini namandla okuthuthumela okushisayo, kepha amandla ampo okulayisha ampothri namandla okusebenza kwamanzi.
Phansi kwebhodlela
Phansi kwebhodlela kungaphansi kwebhodlela futhi kudlala indima yokuxhasa isitsha. Amandla nokuqina kwaphansi kwebhodlela kubaluleke kakhulu. Amabhodlela ebhodlela le-Glass aklanyelwe ngokuvamile ukuba abe yi-contave, enganciphisa amaphuzu okuxhumana endizeni yokuxhumana futhi andise ukuqina. Ngaphansi kwebhodlela kanye nesithende sebhodlela samukela ukuguqulwa kwe-arc, futhi i-arc enkulu ye-arc inenzuzo ukuthuthukisa amandla ebhodlela futhi. I-radius yamakhona ezansi kwebhodlela yenza umqondo omningi wokukhiqiza. Amakhona ayindilinga anqunywa yindlela yokuhlanganisa yomzimba wokubumba kanye nokubumba phansi. Uma inhlanganisela yokubumba eyakheka futhi phansi kwesikhunta ine-perpendicular kuya ku-eksisi yomkhiqizo, okungukuthi, ushintsho kusuka ekhoneni eliyindilinga liye ebhodleleni, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa ubukhulu bebhodlela.
Ngokwesimo sebhodlela elitholwe yilezi zinhlobo, into yokuwa phansi kwebhodlela ingagwenywa lapho udonga lwebhodlela luncane.
Uma amakhona ayindilinga enziwa emzimbeni wokubumba, okungukuthi, umzimba wombuso wenziwa yindlela ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Extresion Way, kungcono ukuthatha usayizi we-Corner Corner webhodlela. Kuleyo mikhiqizo edinga udonga olubanzi oluzungeze phansi kwebhodlela, ubukhulu obuhlelwe etafuleni ngenhla kuyatholakala. Uma kukhona ungqimba olunzulu lwengilazi eduze kwenguquko kusuka phansi kwebhodlela kuya emzimbeni webhodlela, phansi komkhiqizo ngeke kuwa.
Amabhodlela ahlanganisiwe aphindwe kabili alungele imikhiqizo enamadayimane amakhulu. Inzuzo ukuthi ingamelana kangcono nengcindezi ebangelwa ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi kwengilazi. Ukuze uthole izindatshana ezinesisekelo esinjalo, ukukalwa kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kukhombise ukuthi ingilazi emakhoneni ayindilinga yayikucindezelwa kunokuba ngcono. Uma kufakwa ngaphansi komthwalo wokugoba, ingilazi ngeke likwazi ukumelana nayo.
I-convex phansi ingaqinisekisa ukuqina komkhiqizo. Ukwakheka kwayo nosayizi empeleni kwenziwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kuya ngohlobo lwebhodlela kanye nomshini wokwenza ebhodleleni osetshenzisiwe.
Kodwa-ke, uma i-arc inkulu kakhulu, indawo esekelayo izoncishiswa futhi ukuqina kwebhodlela kuzoncishiswa. Ngaphansi kwesimo sekhwalithi ethile yebhodlela futhi, ukushuba phansi kwebhodlela kususelwa kubukhulu obuncane bokwehla kwebhodlela njengemfuneko yokwengeza phansi kwebhodlela futhi kunciphise ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: APR-15-2022